Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems.@*RESULTS@#The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.

Clinical observation of orthokeratology with reducing back optic zone diameter in the treatment of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To discuss the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology with reducing back optic zone diameter(5mm-BOZD)compared with conventional back optic zone diameter(6mm-BOZD)in the treatment of adolescent myopia.METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed. There were 100 cases with 100 eyes of adolescent myopia(all right eye data were taken)selected from April 2016 to January 2019, the spherical degree was -1.00--5.00D. Then they were randomly divided into the two groups. The experimental group wore 5mm-BOZD orthokeratology, and the control group wore 6mm-BOZD orthokeratology. Their axis length(AL), spherical equivalent(SE), relative peripheral refraction(RPR), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(NVA), Efron grading was applied to record the anterior segment of the eyes, corneal hysteresis(CH), corneal resistance factor(CRF), corneal-compensated intraocular pressure(IOPcc), average noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time(NIKBUTav)and higher order aberration(RMSh) were compared between the two groups during the 1a treatment period.RESULTS: After 1a of treatment, the AL in experimental group increased 0.05±0.05mm,while it increased 0.15±0.05mm(t=-8.949, P<0.001)in control group. The SE in experimental group increased -0.18±0.27D,while it increased-0.42±0.35D(t=3.609, P=0.001)in control group. There were statistical differences in RPR changes at N30°, N20° and T30°sites between the two groups(P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in BCVA,NVA,Efron grade,CH,CRF,IOPcc,NIKBUTav and RMSh between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Reducing back optic zone diameter orthokeratology can correct adolescent myopia safely and more effectively during the observation period.

Mental health status of primary school students during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and its influencing factors / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the mental health status of primary school students and the factors influencing the mental health status during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.@*METHODS@#Online questionnaire surveys were conducted among 3 600 primary school students aged 6-12 years in Jilin Province, China in April, 2020 (during the epidemic) and 3 089 primary school students in September, 2020 (during the regular epidemic prevention and control). The general information and the data related to the Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent were collected by the questionnaire surveys. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors influencing the mental health status of the students during the epidemic.@*RESULTS@#The students during the epidemic had a significantly poorer mental health status in the emotional experience and volitional behavior than those during the regular epidemic prevention and control (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The COVID-19 epidemic has a certain impact on emotional experience and volitional behavior of primary school students. During the epidemic, particular attention should be paid to the mental health of primary school students, especially girls, younger students, and students from single-parent families, extended families or families with impatient parents and improper parental education.

Development and evaluation of a training model for paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy and catheterization

OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy is a technique that should be learned by all surgical trainees and residents. This study aimed to develop a self-made training model for paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy and placement of the suprapubic catheter and then to evaluate its effectiveness in training fourth-year medical students. METHODS: Medical students were divided into an experimental group receiving comprehensive training involving literature, video, and model use and a control group receiving all the same training protocols as the experimental group except without hands-on practice using the model. Each student's performance was video-recorded, followed by subjective and objective evaluations by urology experts and statistical analysis. RESULTS: All students completed the surgical procedures successfully. The experimental group's performance scores were significantly higher than those of the control group (median final performance scores of 91.0 vs. 86.8, respectively). Excellent scores were achieved by more students in the experimental group than in the control group (55% vs. 20%), and fewer poor scores were observed in the experimental group than in the control group (5% vs. 30%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on its cost-effectiveness, reusability, and training effectiveness, this paracentetic suprapubic cystostomy training model is able to achieve goals in teaching practice quickly and easily. Use of the model should be encouraged for training senior medical students and resident physicians who may be expected to perform emergent suprapubic catheter insertion at some time.

Application study of hsCRP detection in different types of child infections / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression level of hyper sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in children infected with different pathogens in order to enhance the application value of hsCRP .Methods One hundred and one children patients with infection from March 2010 to March 2015 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the bacterial infection group (67 ca-ses) and mycoplasma infection group (34 cases) according to the hematology and bacterial culture results .Contemporaneous 50 healthy children were selected as the control group .Venous blood was collected for detecting hsCRP ,white blood cell(WBC) and neutrophil percentage(NEUT% ) .Results The levels and abnormal rates of hsCRP and WBC in the bacterial infection group were significantly higher than the those in the mycoplasma infection group and control group (P<0 .05);NEUT% and abnormal rate in the mycoplasma infection group was higher than that in the other two groups (P<0 .05) .The levels and abnormal rates of hsCRP and WBC after treatment in the bacterial infection group were lower than those before treatment ,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0 .05);the area under the ROC curve of hsCRP for diagnosing bacterial infection wa maximal ,which was 0 .68 ,the sensitivity and specificity were 89 .9% and 88 .3% respectively .Conclusion The hsCRP level detection has early diagnostic value for child bacterial infection and can dynamically reflects the curative effect .

Allergic reactions to antivenom in a patient bitten twice by the same snake within a month: A rare case report and literature review / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Antivenom is the most effective method currently available for the treatment of poisonous snake bite. Allergic reactions to antivenom have been reported in the past. Here we shared a case of allergic reactions to antivenom in an old male patient who was bitten twice by the same snake (probably same one) at the same biting site within a month whereas the patient did not show any allergic disorder in the first bitten. Envenomations twice in a short period time by the same kind of snake are very rare. Physician should be alert to the occurrence of allergic reactions in treating this type of patients with antivenom. The skin allergy test has a certain value in predicting the allergic response before the second use of antivenom. Desensitization may reduce the incidence of allergic reactions, but this is insufficient. Rather than non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity, patients receiving the second treatment of antivenom may develop IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. Once happened, the antivenom treatment should be stopped promptly and anti-allergy treatment should be given immediately.

Metabolic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with type 2 diabetes / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To explore the metabolic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and provide evidence for the management of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods One hundred and four RA patients with T2DM and 100 healthy subjects with matched age and sex were the subjects of study. The metabolic parameters of the two groups was compared and the ratio of metabolic abnormalities in RA with T2DM group was analyzed. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by t-test and Chi-square analysis. Results The average duration of RA and T2DM were (8±6) and (10±5) years respectively; 55.8% patients with CRP>10 mg/L and 72.1% patients with ESR>30 mm/1 h. There was no significant difference in body mass index between the two groups [(23.3 ±3.1) kg/m2 vs (23.4 ±2.8) kg/m2, P=0.991]. The systolic blood and diastolic blood pressures of RA patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in blood uric acid [(0.27 ± 0.11) mmol/L vs (0.27 ±0.12) mmol/L, P=0.957]. There was no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) [(4.6 ±1.0) mmol/L vs (4.5 ±0.5) mmol/L, P=0.547], but the levels of triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [TG (1.4±0.8) mmol/L vs (1.1 ±0.3) mmol/L, t=2.871, P=0.005; HDL-C (1.1 ±0.3) mmol/L vs (1.5 ±0.4) mmol/L, t=-7.064, P<0.01;LDL-C (2.6±0.8) mmol/L vs (2.4±0.4) mmol/L, t=2.003, P=0.047] were significantly different in the two groups. 36.5% patients were with hypertension, 17.3% patients were with high TC, 30.7% patients were with high TG, 26.9% patients were with low HDL-C, and 27.8% patients were with high LDL-C. Conclusion High incidence of hypertension, poor blood sugar control, and lipid metabolism disorders are prominent metabolic disorders in RA patients with T2DM. Clinicians, particularly rheumatologists, need to give adequate attention to these conditions.

Expression and Significance of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in bone marrow mononuclear cells and the expression of IGFBP3 in peripheral blood as well their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 178 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from March 2014 to March 2016 were divided into de novo AML, CR, and relapse groups according to their condition; Patients with non-hematologic malignancies and normal bone marrow in the same period were selected as control group. The ELISA method was used to detect the IGFBP3 protein levels in peripheral blood, and PCR method were used to detecte IGFBP3 gene expression in bone marrow mono-nucleated cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IGFBP3 gene expression levels of bone marrow mononuclear cells in de novo AML and relapse groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), while that in CR group and control group, de novo AML and relapse groups was no significantly different (P>0.05); IGFBP3 levels of peripheral blood in de novo AML and relapse groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while those in CR group and control group, de novo AML and relapse groups were no significantly different (P>0.05); IGFBP3 expression levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononucleated cells did not show significant correlation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gene expression of IGFBP3 in bone marrow mononuclear cells and its protein levels in peripheral blood may play an important role in occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia, and it can also evaluate the disease status and treatment efficacy of acute myeloid leukemia in some extent.</p>

Analysis of angiogenesis related proteins and its implication in type-2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the level of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), TGF-beta2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) in plasma and peripheral blood leukocytes in a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT-2) family, and explore the implication of angiogenesis related proteins in HHT-2 pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The diagnosis of the HHT-2 patient was based on clinical features and further confirmed by determining a C1231T mutation of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) gene. Five other new members in this family were evaluated with ALK1 gene screening and clinical manifestation. Plasma level of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or VEGF was measured by ELISA, and the expression of PDGFRalpha,TGF-beta1, and VEGF in peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry combined with direct or indirect immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No C1231T mutation was detected in exon 8 of ALK1 gene in the 5 new members. Plasma TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 concentration in 3 affected HHT case was (16 954 +/- 3 709) ng/L and (11 548 +/- 2 611) ng/L, respectively, compared with that of normal control, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). VEGF concentration in the 3 HHT patients, 6 unaffected family members and 6 normal controls was (179.2 +/- 22.0) microg/L, (149.8 +/- 22.7) microg/L and (132.9 +/- 21.0) microg/ L, respectively. Plasma VEGF level in HHT patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P < 0.025). Peripheral leukocyte PDGFRalpha and VEGF in HHT patients and unaffected family members were markedly higher than that of normal control (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02), while TGF-beta1 distribution was similar in HHT patients and normal subjects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with normal controls there is no difference in plasma TGF-beta1 concentration on peripheral leukocytes of HHT patients. Plasma VEGF concentration or leukocytes VEGF expression in HHT is significantly higher than that of normal subjects. Leukocytes PDGFRalpha expression in HHT is significantly higher than that of normal control. These changes may be associated with a compensable mechanism in HHT.</p>

Inhibition of K-RAS~(Asn12) Expression by Vector-based RNA Interference in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line / 中国生物工程杂志

To silence the expression of K-RASAsn12 in human pancreatic cancer cell line by vector-based RNAi(RNA interference) technique,two single-strand DNA sequences encoding mutant-specific shRNA (short haipin RNA) for K-RASAsn12 were synthesized and then inserted into pSilenCircle. The recombinant plasmid was called pSC-K-RASAsn12. According to the same method, pSC-GFP encoding shRNA for GFP was gained. Both recombinant plasmids were transfected into human pacreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 and BxPC-3. The expression level of K-RASAsn12 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The result indicated that the recombinant plasmid edcoding mutant-specific shRNA for K-RASAsn12 can inhibit significantly the expression of K-RASAsn12 without affection of wild-type K-RAS(K-RASWT)in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line.